Among the most paramount issues related to human self-understanding that are found in various cultures and ages are questions of the perfection of man and ultimate human happiness. In Islamic texts, ultimate human perfection is described as nearness to ALLAH. This article offers a brief review of the teachings of the Qur’ ā n on this topic and a sketch of the history of discussions of nearness to God in some of the Islamic sciences, particularly jurisprudence (fiqh), mysticism (‘ irfā n), theology (kalā m), and (Islamic) philosophy (falsafah). Each of these areas is an arena for the expression of a distinctive perspective on nearness to God. With regard to each of them, we consider the following questions: Is it possible for human beings to approach God? If it is possible, what is the maximum extent of nearness to the divine? Can one become God or divine, or is proximity to God more limited? And, finally, what is the nature of this nearness, and what happens to a person when one approaches God? The answers found to these questions allow for a comparison of the four perspectives on nearness to God. The method used in this article is both rational and scriptural, although particular emphasis is given to the Qur’ ā n.

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We have two goals in this paper. First, we investigate and construct cofree coalgebras over n-representations of quivers, limits and colimits of n-representations of quivers, and limits and colimits of coalgebras in the monoidal categories of n-representations of quivers. Second, for any given quivers Q1, Q2, . . ., Qn, we construct a new quiver Q(Q1, Q2, . . ., Qn), called an nquiver, and identify each category Repk(Qj) of representations of a quiver Qj as a full subcategory of the category Repk(Q(Q1, Q2, . . ., Qn) ) of representations of Q(Q1, Q2, . . ., Qn) for every j 2 {1, 2, . . ., n}.

Zamakhshari, a scientist of Iranian race, lived in the second half of fifth century and the first half of sixth century (467-538, A.H). He was very skillful in Arabic and Islamic sciences and wrote valuable works on various fields of them, including a dictionary entitled "Asas Al Balaqeh" which was an achievement in the evolution of Arabic Lexicography in the author’s s time. In this article, the goal and intention of Zamakhshari for writing this book, the comparison of this book with previous Arabic Dictionaries and the viewpoints of its critics are studied.

In special purpose circuits, the amount of energy consumed and the speed of operation are the main challenges. There are wide researches and methods to improve the performance of these types of circuits. One of these methods is to use a Residue Number System (RNS). In the RNS, there are a number of modules (channels) as a set to represent the number and perform parallel arithmetic operations. The most famous set is the 3-modlui set {2n-1, 2n, 2n +1}. The form of modules to the power of 2 makes it easier to perform binary computational operations. To use this system, you need to perform conversion operations from binary to residue (forward conversion) and residue to binary (reverse conversion). The greater the number of modules (channels) in the set, the higher the degree of parallelism of computational operations. In contrast, more complex forward and reverse conversion circuits are required. The overhead of conversion computing can reduce the efficiency of using this system, unless the number of consecutive operations is large enough to cover the conversion overhead time. In this paper, based on 3-moduli set {2n-1, 2n, 2n +1} evaluation, it was determined that for how many consecutive addition or multiplication operations, the use of RNS operations leads to greater speed. In this paper, we evaluate the carry propagation adder as the most popular adder and parallel prefix adder as the high speed adder. Also, the parallel block multiplier circuit was used to evaluate the multiplication operations. First, modular adder/multiplier, binary, and forward and reverse conversion circuits were implemented and synthesized. We used Synopsys Design Compiler, K-2015. 06 version and 45nm technology. The results show that if the carry propagation adder is used, in modules with a width of more than 8 bits (n≥8), if the number of consecutive operations is at least 4, it will speed up the calculations. Likewise, in the multiplication operation and parallel prefix addition, the number of sequences is reduced to two.

Man is not created by Almighty ALLAH in vain, but he is surely created to be His vicegerent (Khalifah) on the earth to build and live on it. So in order to fulfil such a task of vicegerency (khilafah) or (istikhlaf), it is necessary to have a comprehensive planned project, and this great principled project should be brought about and conveyed properly by way of the call or invitation to ALLAH Almighty with sure knowledge. Regarding this aspect ALLAH has said in the Glorious Qur’an:"Say: This is my way: l call to ALLAH with sure knowledge, l and those who follow me - Glory be to ALLAH! - and l am not of the idolaters (polytheists). (12:108).

In this paper, we introduce the gn- complete hyper group and gn*-complete hyper group. The hyper group H is called gn - complete hyper group if for every sÎ Sn (z1,z2,….zn ) Î Hn we have Pni=1 Zs(i)= g (Pni=1 zi ) we prove that if H is a gn -complete hyper group then g*=gn. If H is a g2 complete hyper group then H is a complete hyper group and we have gn=g , gn*¹ gn*-1 finally we prove that H is a gn*- complete hyper group if and only if it is an Abelian group.

Among the various branches of Islamic art, Islamic architecture, especially its related decorations, has a prominent place. The tomb of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili is a clear example of these masterpieces of Islamic architecture. This complex has several parts, the most important of which is the tomb of Sheikh Safi al-Din (Dome ALLAH ALLAH). The tomb of Sheikh Safi al-Din, which has two gates called Qibla Qapoosi on its south and north sides, that has 16 enclosed inscriptions in a hexagonal frame that 8 of them are around the north side gate and the other 8 are in the south gate. The main purpose of this study is to obtain the hidden geometry in the structure of inscriptions and also to interpret and analyze them in order to express the direct relationship between geometry in the the inscription and the hidden concepts in their texts. Also, another purpose of the present study is to classify the calligraphy used in the inscriptions in terms of form and also to read Read a number of texts of the mentioned inscriptions that have not been read yet. The method of data collection is based on field research (photography, drawing, images) and citing written sources. Which has been done in a historical-comparative method based on geometric patterns and analysis the letters of texts in order to read them. The results show that most of these inscriptions have coherent geometric structures and great variety in design. Also another important finding of this research is the achievement of concepts that prove the deep connection between the text and the geometry used in the center of the work. In general, in these inscriptions, we achieve a kind of deconstruction and uniqueness in terms of how two different elements of line and geometry are integrated in a regular hexagonal frame.

In this paper the roots and meanings of the two frequently used Qur"anic words ism (name) and ALLAH have been examined. First, various forms of the word ism in some Arabic texts have been touched upon and then the origin of its derivation has been dealt with. As for the word ALLAH, at first this word has been studied as being a proper name and as to whether it is improvisational or derivative in its properness, and then the roots posed for the ,word ALLAH have been examined; In the end, different concepts of the word ALLAH are discussed.